[wordup] Let them Eat Myth
Adam Shand
adam at shand.net
Mon Nov 8 14:22:46 EST 2004
This is a great blog posting by Douglas Rushkoff. Not because it's
particularly insightful or useful but because it incites conversation
in a useful way. By the time you make it through the article and
comments you've come full circle back to the beginning and still don't
know what the answer is. Beautiful.
Adam.
From: http://www.rushkoff.com/2004/11/let-them-eat-myth.php
Wednesday, November 03, 2004
Let them Eat Myth
I'm wondering if denying poor people a mythology - even if we know it
to be false - is such a great idea. It's honest, and has more
integrity, but it's a bad strategy for eliciting their support. Poor
people would rather vote for the myth that they'll be taken care of -
even if, in reality, it means being further fleeced by the wealthy, and
sending their children off to die in war.
Plato argued for a benevolent myth. Maybe the better strategy is for
East Coast intellectuals to cease their effort to develop an honest,
ethical secular culture, and instead realize that they need to
communicate on two levels at once. Maimonides did it. Even Bush does
it, by letting the rich know he'll give them more of the peoples'
money, while telling the poor that he's their friend in Christ.
Is it time to stifle idealism, and value tactics over truth?
Perhaps not so directly. But on a landscape increasingly characterized
by emotion over logic (thanks, in part, to the techniques of marketing
and advertising), we must either find a compelling reason for people to
re-engage with their logical faculties, or a way to communicate with
the heart and gut that also happens to do justice to the facts. It's
hard - even the Bible, which is one of the best efforts so far in this
pursuit - is now used to justify slaughter and manifest destiny.
So, in the words of the defeated candidate, we must do better.
Where do we begin?
3:27 PM | Link | 12 comments |
=== COMMENTS ===
Before you can create such a mythology you have to answer a more
fundamental question, and that is, what result do you want?
Paul's dualistic makeover of Christian myth has helped sustain it over
2,000 years, and make it a perfect companion to the modern "wealthiness
is next to godliness" message.
Can the left truly create a dualistic message that exists outside of an
"us vs. them" framework? We come together only when faced with an
obvious enemy, and the moment that we succeed we fracture. In losing we
become unified...
Andrew Mayer • 11/03/04 12:50pm
OK, I want to do it. I want to bring out the serious, mambo-jambo,
'thought experiment' shit and try it out for a while, because literal,
good-intentioned, social involvement has done fuck-all to change the
world.
So... what? We come up with pretty pictures and lay them over the real
agenda? Starting with what?
Eileen • 11/03/04 02:20pm
"Tactics over truth" is a little pretentious. I've seen George Lakoff
argue that there is a fundamental broader stroke present in the
Republican arguments that is both missing from the other side and often
overlooked when trying to figure out why these ideas are appealing. I
was extremely skeptical going into it... Turns out it's a pretty good
argument. I doubt it's a magic key, but seems like a much better place
to start than "how do we dupe the idiots?".
His book, "Moral Politics : How Liberals and Conservatives Think" is a
good place to find out more.
Jason • 11/03/04 02:34pm
The Soviets did it in Russia. Stalin really does care for you.
Skavian [skavian at zombieworld.com] • 11/03/04 02:37pm
came to your blog today douglas hoping for your brand of hopefulness.
so sad today. how do we challenge an entrenched extremism when it has
somehow aggrogated the center, normalized itself so that anything else
is only a pesky "anti" rather than anything in itself? (and even before
that the problem may be inherent to the paradox of anti-fundamentalism,
trying to rally around a non-existing center.)
like your argument about counter-culture reinscribing its
marginalization in its very mode of resistance -- the left, trying
defend itself against a perception of anti-americanism, anti-freedom,
anti-solidarity ends up trapped inside the terms of the accusations and
and only reinforcing the dominant logic. because religion seems beyond
critique i agree with you that the trick may be to somehow reclaim it,
in a way that absolutely reverses what it can justify. if everyone
votes 'values' the left has to reclaim the discourse of values in a way
that speaks to more than a merley economic conception of ethics. we
somehow have to make 'conservative' as dirty a word as 'liberal'
apparenly is.
brooke • 11/03/04 02:51pm
Don't forget us liberals on the west coast. The East coast has its
intellectuals, but the west coast has its free thinkers, and it turns
out we're coming to the same conclusions. (Although, being a displaced
east coast intellectual, this analysis may be a bit unfair).
What I think is interesting is that on the west coast, it isn't
intellectualization and logic that made those states turn blue.
(Honest, I teach logic out here. There isn't much.) But it's a serious
committment to recognizing that the individual isn't the only person in
the world. I think, sadly, a lot of the religious discourse is what
clouds the ability to recognize this. And so even without getting
people to "re-engage with their logical faculties" (although I'm doing
the best I can to get people to do that!), I think significant ground
can still be won just by opening the world up a bit to people who see
only their selfish interests.
Robn • 11/03/04 02:51pm
i agree with you robn ... the current rhetoric of "the american dream"
and the "crusade of freedom" are an anti-ethics of absolute
individualism. could the "real" american ideal and "real" christianity
be interpreted to support a radically different ideal... a spin-job
that would pull off change in the mode of non-change, or even return
(pulling off liberalism in the mode of conseratism)...
brooke • 11/03/04 03:07pm
So, you're suggesting that theorists encode an esoteric message in
their writings, accessible to initiates, but masked by an exoteric
message aimed at the masses? Sounds awfully familiar Doug; you sure
your sign isn't Leo?
Julian Sanchez [jsanchez at reason.com] • 11/03/04 03:17pm
Yes, and this illusion of individuality is amplified by the market: we
narrowcast our citizens into consumer tribes, speak to them as
individuals, as if what matters most in the world is whatever matters
to them as individuals. It's precisely what next week's documentary
(the one I just made for Frontline) is about. Carved into our separate
demographic tribes, we cease acting as a collective. The individual -
and maybe his family - become the only things that matter.
But Brooke aptly restates and extends my main point:
"because religion seems beyond critique i agree with you that the
trick may be to somehow reclaim it, in a way that absolutely reverses
what it can justify."
It's' more than Lakoff's simple take on Neurolinguistic Programming
(which is all that reframing of language really is) or even Frank
Luntz's focus-group-determined efforts in that direction ("Death Tax"
"Climate Change" "Tax Relief").
I watched students here at NYU while Kerry and Edwards were making
their farewell speech on TV. It was as if everyone wanted a leader to
tell them it was going to be okay. And that's when it hit me - we all
need mythologies to some extent. We all need for others to assume
roles, so that we can - even temporarily - transfer parental authority
onto them.
I believe the reason that the left's logic loses is because of our
belief that facts and observable reality should be enough to motivate
appropriate action. It is not. We do need narratives with which to
understand our roles in a context.
The trick is to create a narrative that can be understood as truth by
the simple-minded, and as myth by the more dimensionally inclined. Or,
perhaps, to take hold of the narrative that people are already using,
and demonstrate its ability to serve a different purpose.
That's what I tried to do with Nothing Sacred, for Jews. To show them
that this Torah and Bible are actually anti-racist documents, designed
to help people get over their addiction to religion. I did it in a very
direct way, however.
Now, I'm working on recreating the Bible, as the Bible, but also as
something else. I don't mean to be cheeky, but the project is in the
development stages so I can't be too specific. But it's an area I think
might matter right now.
In any case, and to the point of the election loss, I think our
quasi-Marxist refusal to engage with myth because of our understanding
of the way myths are used to manipulate the 'masses' is ultimately
short-sighted, and costing us influence over the direction of our
nation.
Rushkoff • 11/03/04 03:27pm
I would posit that tactics over truth (means justify the ends
thinking) invites failure. The majority of the body politic lacks the
intellectual vigor to root out deception, but the leaders of the
opposition do not. To create straw men of them, and refuse to believe
they would not expose having their own means used against them is
ostrich thinking. Moreover, tremendous effort was expended exposing
deceptions in this campaign, and the majority chose to believe the myth
instead.
In my opinion, the tactical failure lies in attempting to convince,
instead of convert. Conversion can be accomplished without abandoning
reason and idealism. For a myth to be durable it must be both
internally consistent (logical) and representative of some truth
(ideal). Myths aren't lies; in their best incarnations, they're
arguments by analogy. How do we cast the opposition as Titans without
becoming Olympians?
Dozhee [dozhee at hotmail.com] • 11/03/04 03:40pm
The trick is to create a narrative that can be understood as truth by
the simple-minded, and as myth by the more dimensionally inclined. Or,
perhaps, to take hold of the narrative that people are already using,
and demonstrate its ability to serve a different purpose.
This filmmaker is ready for the task...
David Lanphier Jr. • 11/03/04 04:13pm
Tactics is too strong a word - and too loaded a strategy for long-term
success. Interestingly, Michael Lerner has been thinking along similar
lines. From a letter he sent out today:
---
For years the Democrats have been telling themselves "it's the economy,
stupid." Yet consistently for dozens of years millions of middle income
Americans have voted against their economic interests to support
Republicans who have tapped a deeper set of needs.
Tens of millions of Americans feel betrayed by a society that seems to
place materialism and selfishness above moral values. They know that
"looking out for number one" has become the common sense of our
society, but they want a life that is about something more-a framework
of meaning and purpose to their lives that would transcend the grasping
and narcissism that surrounds them. Sure, they will admit that they
have material needs, and that they worry about adequate health care,
stability in employment, and enough money to give their kids a college
education. But even more deeply they want their lives to have
meaning-and they respond to candidates who seem to care about values
and some sense of transcendent purpose.
Many of these voters have found a "politics of meaning" in the
political Right. In the Right wing churches and synagogues these voters
are presented with a coherent worldview that speaks to their "meaning
needs." Most of these churches and synagogues demonstrate a high level
of caring for their members, even if the flip side is a willingness to
demean those on the outside. Yet what members experience directly is a
level of mutual caring that they rarely find in the rest of the
society. And a sense of community that is offered them nowhere else, a
community that has as its central theme that life has value because it
is connected to some higher meaning than one's success in the
marketplace.
It's easy to see how this hunger gets manipulated in ways that liberals
find offensive and contradictory. The frantic attempts to preserve
family by denying gays the right to get married, the talk about being
conservatives while meanwhile supporting Bush policies that accelerate
the destruction of the environment and do nothing to encourage respect
for God's creation or an ethos of awe and wonder to replace the ethos
of turning nature into a commodity, the intense focus on preserving the
powerless fetus and a culture of life without a concomitant commitment
to medical research (stem cell research/HIV-AIDS), gun control and
healthcare reform., the claim to care about others and then deny them a
living wage and an ecologically sustainable environment-all this is
rightly perceived by liberals as a level of inconsistency that makes
them dismiss as hypocrites the voters who have been moving to the
Right.
Yet liberals, trapped in a long-standing disdain for religion and
tone-deaf to the spiritual needs that underlie the move to the Right,
have been unable to engage these voters in a serious dialogue. Rightly
angry at the way that some religious communities have been mired in
authoritarianism, racism, sexism and homophobia, the liberal world has
developed such a knee-jerk hostility to religion that it has both
marginalized those many people on the Left who actually do have
spiritual yearnings and simultaneously refused to acknowledge that many
who move to the Right have legitimate complaints about the ethos of
selfishness in American life.
Imagine if John Kerry had been able to counter George Bush by insisting
that a serious religious person would never turn his back on the
suffering of the poor, that the bible's injunction to love one's
neighbor required us to provide health care for all, and that the New
Testament's command to "turn the other cheek" should give us a
predisposition against responding to violence with violence.
Imagine a Democratic Party that could talk about the strength that
comes from love and generosity and applied that to foreign policy and
homeland security.
Imagine a Democratic Party that could talk of a New Bottom Line, so
that American institutions get judged efficient, rational and
productive not only to the extent that they maximize money and power,
but also to the extent that they maximize people's capacities to be
loving and caring, ethically and ecologically sensitive, and capable of
responding to the universe with awe and wonder.
Imagine a Democratic Party that could call for schools to teach
gratitude, generosity, caring for others, and celebration of the
wonders that daily surround us! Such a Democratic Party, continuing to
embrace its agenda for economic fairness and multi-cultural
inclusiveness, would have won in 2004 and can win in the future.
(Please don't tell me that this is happening outside the Democratic
Party in the Greens or in other leftie groups--because except for a few
tiny exceptions it is not! I remember how hard I tried to get Ralph
Nader to think and talk in these terms in 2000, and how little response
I got substantively from the Green Party when I suggested reformulating
their excessively politically correct policy orientation in ways that
would speak to this spiritual consciousness. The hostility of the Left
to spirituality is so deep, in fact, that when they hear us in Tikkun
talking this way they often can't even hear what we are saying--so they
systematically mis-hear it and say that we are calling for the Left to
take up the politics of the Right, which is exactly the opposite of our
point--speaking to spiritual needs actually leads to a more radical
critique of the dynamics of corporate capitalism and corporate
globalization, not to a mimicking of right-wing policies).
If the Democrats were to foster a religions/spiritual Left, they would
no longer pick candidates who support preemptive wars or who appease
corporate power. They would reject the cynical realism that led them to
pretend to be born-again militarists, a deception that fooled no one
and only revealed their contempt for the intelligence of most
Americans. Instead of assuming that most Americans are either stupid or
reactionary, a religious Left would understand that many Americans who
are on the Right actually share the same concern for a world based on
love and generosity that underlies Left politics, even though lefties
often hide their value attachments.
Yet to move in this direction, many Democrats would have to give up
their attachment to a core belief: that those who voted for Bush are
fundamentally stupid or evil. Its time they got over that elitist
self-righteousness and developed strategies that could affirm their
common humanity with those who voted for the Right. Teaching themselves
to see the good in the rest of the American public would be a critical
first step in liberals and progressives learning how to teach the rest
of American society how to see that same goodness in the rest of the
people on this planet. It is this spiritual lesson-that our own
well-being depends on the well-being of everyone else on the planet and
on the well-being of the earth-a lesson rooted deeply in the spiritual
wisdom of virtually every religion on the planet, that could be the
center of a revived Democratic Party.
Yet to take that seriously, the Democrats are going to have to get over
the false and demeaning perception that the Americans who voted for
Bush could never be moved to care about the well being of anyone but
themselves. That transformation in the Democrats would make them into
serious contenders.
rushkoff • 11/03/04 05:01pm
I think the problem is the underlying attachment to Democratic or
Republican identity. They are instruments and tools that are being
manipulated. The way I look at it, Kerry was elected as the runner in
the Democratic party because he could be reigned in. He was reigned in,
rather than fighting. The fracture would have prevented business from
being conducted as usual, and both parties are seen as really being
interchangeable (which they are in fact if you follow the development
of American political parties). Under this surface, there is something
else. I'm working on compiling evidence on this right now, but the
realization that Karl Rove really wasn't insane and did mobilized 4
million previously non-voting Evangelists indicates to me we have a
much larger problem. All this talk about myths is ignoring the
cancerous network that's spreading out of the mid-west. It's combatting
science, politics, and freedom of choice. Look into the controversy
over Intelligent Design, for instance. The overwhelming rancor against
gay marriage is part of this, and believe you me, it's an indicator.
I'm advocating digging up these relationships. Perhaps I'm being
alarmist, but the Democratic Party is a diversion from what is really
happening in America.
Skavian [skavian at zombieworld.com] • 11/03/04 05:47pm
DUDE! this is EXACTLY the message of leo strauss and his followers,
who include Paul Wolfowitz and other high-ups in the administration.
that the wise should interact directly with reality, and should craft
"noble lies" such as religion and terrorism in order to maintain an
orderly predictable populace.
check it out
http://www.timboucher.com/journal/2004/11/some-more-on-leo-strauss.html
http://www.timboucher.com/journal/2004/11/secret-kingdom-of-leo-
strauss.html
i see what youre saying and understand the frustration, but you gotta
watch out that you dont slowly become your enemy. i think youre right
though, in that we need to become better story-tellers. thats always
what bush and rove have been better at, telling compelling emotional
stories. and we need to teach people better how to understand and use
stories, and how to recognize when stories are being used on them
tim boucher • 11/03/04 07:18pm
Actions speak volumes. After an evolutionary action has already
occurred, mythological language that diffuses the inspiration of the
evolutionary action suddenly becomes easy – whereas articulation of the
vision is usually next to impossible in advance of cognition of the
evolutionary action. We have a hard time imagining what we have never
experienced.
An evolutionary myth is needed today, not that aims to illumine truly
modest distinctions between the Kerry and Bush platforms, but that
celebrates an efficacious vision to surmount any number of impending
social and environmental cataclysms – the growing palpable effects of
which will themselves require little mythology or language for the
masses to learn … due to their direct disruptions of comfort and
happiness.
The initial language to ignite an evolutionary myth should therefore be
found in action. Before then, articulating the myth may be impossible.
After, myth telling becomes easy.
To my sense, Aikido Activism is the next evolutionary action (
http://aikidoactivism.xwiki.com/ ). Ironically perhaps (and perhaps not
ironically), such a prospective evolutionary action seems merely a
reincarnation of historically-parallel inspired evolutionary actions
that captured true power – exhibited by empowered and reasoned
inclusion, stewardship (of others and of our earth home), and the
restraint of regressive and exploitive applications. After all, isn’t
the tough part of inclusion the part of including one’s opponent?
Personally, I find comfort in realizing life is the same as choice, so
my life’s very existence requires competition (amongst choices at
least). My hoped-for myth is the progressive global diffusing of
awareness and understanding so that empowered inclusion is as inspired
as possible – so that competition might involve far less bloody
conflict or economic oppression with far more natural selection based
on noble inclusion.
In this myth, competition becomes less a battle, more a dance.
Burkhart • 11/03/04 08:11pm
Actions speak volumes. After an evolutionary action has already
occurred, mythological language that diffuses the inspiration of the
evolutionary action suddenly becomes easy – whereas articulation of the
vision is usually next to impossible in advance of cognition of the
evolutionary action. We have a hard time imagining what we have never
experienced.
An evolutionary myth is needed today, not that aims to illumine truly
modest distinctions between the Kerry and Bush platforms, but that
celebrates an efficacious vision to surmount any number of impending
social and environmental cataclysms – the growing palpable effects of
which will themselves require little mythology or language for the
masses to learn … due to their direct disruptions of comfort and
happiness.
The initial language to ignite an evolutionary myth should therefore be
found in action. Before then, articulating the myth may be impossible.
After, myth telling becomes easy.
To my sense, Aikido Activism is the next evolutionary action (
http://aikidoactivism.xwiki.com/ ). Ironically perhaps (and perhaps not
ironically), such a prospective evolutionary action seems merely a
reincarnation of historically-parallel inspired evolutionary actions
that captured true power – exhibited by empowered and reasoned
inclusion, stewardship (of others and of our earth home), and the
restraint of regressive and exploitive applications. After all, isn’t
the tough part of inclusion the part of including one’s opponent?
Personally, I find comfort in realizing life is the same as choice, so
my life’s very existence requires competition (amongst choices at
least). My hoped-for myth is the progressive global diffusing of
awareness and understanding so that empowered inclusion is as inspired
as possible – so that competition might involve far less bloody
conflict or economic oppression with far more natural selection based
on noble inclusion.
In this myth, competition becomes less a battle, more a dance.
Burkhart • 11/03/04 08:55pm
As leftist intellectuals-free thinker-etc we often fall prey to our
own mythology, in which we assume that we are above-beyond the
(transcendent) power of myth. The question should not be: Should we, or
should we not, allow poor people their myths? But, rather: What myths
are we actively producing-performing, and should we continue to do so?
The myth of pure reason, and "an honest, ethical secular culture" need
to be interrogated and challenged. We re-enforce the Cartesian dualism
between mind and body, thinking we must appeal to the pure, rational
mind, or, the emotive, passionate body. What if we didn't attempt to
make that choice? What happens when we embrace the flows of affect and
embodiment? We need to act as if we understand that the mind is
immanent in the body. We are already in the myth business when we
attempt to maintain the illusory separation between them.
The right has understood this for a long time. Brian Massumi, in
Parables for the Virtual, performs a brilliant reading of Reagan as a
master of affective flows, through his beautifully resonant voice.
Bush-Rove is far more blunt about the manipulation of affect, and not
nearly as skilled as Reagan, but until we stop denying our own need to
channel affective flows, we cannot effectively counter the Right.
das kindt • 11/03/04 09:36pm
Douglas, what do you mean by "recreating" the Bible?
Kerry ran such a weak campaign that it was like he wanted to lose. I
honestly wonder if Kerry wanted Bush to win. I mean that last line
LITERALLY.
j • 11/04/04 03:07am
das kindt, that's some smart talk there.
For iconoclasts, the job always seems to be to discover what myth one
is operating under and then break it and move beyond. The illusion, of
course, is that breaking the myth moves you beyond all mythological
context, when all it's really done is move you into a new one.
I can't really share about the Bible thing. Think of it more as if I
said, the bible isn't something that happened in some historical past;
it's happening in present, all the time.
rushkoff • 11/04/04 05:19am
Returning to Mr. Rushkoff's comments about re-imagining the Democrats:
I'm not a firm supporter of the two-party system in any case, and I
registered as 'decline to state' several years ago, abandoning the
Democratic party. I like the idea of fostering a religious, spiritual
left, but I think that more needs to be done. If the Democrats need to
be infused with myth, the Republicans need to be infused with social
conscience.
The right/left split is hurting America. I'm never going to be able to
support programs that hurt people, like the bans on gay marriage that
passed so overwhelmingly, but I can undermine the divide between right
and left, Republicans and Democrats, that leave people on either side
of the fence unable to imagine the perspectives of the opposition.
And I'm going to do that by registering myself as a Republican today.
When this idea first occurred to me it was so unthinkable that I knew I
must be on to an interesting experiment of some kind. I expect this
admittedly small contribution to have two effects:
1. My absentee ballot is much more likely to be mailed to my house in a
timely manner.
2. When the Republican party polls the opinions of its members, my
lefty, rationalist point of view will be right there in the mix. And if
enough people did this, the party would have to acknowledge our
pespectives in their platform eventually.
Come on... none of you really believe you're being served by a
two-party system, do you? So why not change it from within? One of the
wonderful things about our political system is that, no matter how you
register, you're allowed to vote for whomever you like. For now.
Eileen • 11/04/04 07:46am
We also have to come to the realization that "America" the monoculture
as such is a myth (or monomyth) in and of itself. There is not one
"America", but lots of little "Americas", each with its own particular
worldview and needs. The Northeast and the South might as well be
separate countries at this point, just as an example. But even that is
too simplistic a view. Within each region, there are communities that
tend to lean towards one viewpoint or another (look at how Austin
compares to the rest of Texas). Then it breaks down even further, to
the individual level.
I think that perhaps its about finding out which myths work well
together. Co-operative myth-making. It worked for the right-wingers.
Why not for the rest of us?
Binyamin • 11/04/04 10:03am
Eileen, the problem with abandoning the two-party system, as
antiquated and anachronistic as it may be, is that it's the
progressives, most of whom skew left, who are more willing to strike
out on their own, while the conservatives cling together as an egoless
mass. Any attempt to inject shades of grey into the discussion results
in a Nader situation. I supported Nader in '96 and '00, and I don't buy
the argument that if not for him Gore would've been elected in '00, but
I couldn't in good faith this time because his presence on the ticket
could only weaken the left, which the right fully understood and
encouraged. No right wing candidate is able to attract nearly that
percentage of defectors because they are far more comfortable with
their lack of individuality than is the left.
Bill Hicks had a joke about founding the "People Who Hate People"
party, which unfortunately could never coalesce precisely because its
target demographic disdained group definitions. It's an extreme
caricature of the left (and certain elements of the right, to be sure),
but the shoe fits. The problem that the Democrats have had for a very
long time is that they are afraid of being attacked, and thus don't
stand up for many issues unequivocably, which then of course lends
towards attacks of being "wishy-washy," "flip-flopping," "waffling" and
pandering. Greater confidence in their platforms is key, and in order
to accomplish that a myth like the one the right has created about "The
Liberal Media" or "Liberal Elitism" has to be formulated and virally
spread about right through the less obvious channels that reach the
geographically and memetically isolated and connect with their hopes
and fears. Put the right on the defensive again, and you're one step
closer to victory.
Ken A. • 11/04/04 12:00pm
Ken,
Point taken, but I'm not exactly trying to infuse shades of gray into
the equation. I'm trying to turn black into white and white into black.
I never said I was going to vote Republican. I'm going to vote my
conscience, I'm just going to identify myself as a Republican as I do
so. And that word will mean whatever I choose it to mean from now on.
I strongly suggest that you do so as well. Its very liberating to me
not to place myself on the opposite side of some unassailable fence.
I'm in it now, and I'm still me. Republican is just a word. I will
divest it of its power.
Eileen • 11/04/04 01:49pm
It's "crying wolf." When the person disabuses themselves of the
concocted lies(note: dis+abuse+), one will have a hard time then
convincing them that one is telling the truth.
There is a difference between myth and what is more-true-than-not.
Saying...
"More than a few cigarettes a day for any extended period of time will
increase the chance of getting lung cancer X amount, if you have Y
predispositions, and of getting emphysema Z amount, if you have D
predispositions, but only R amount, if you have E dispositions, et
cetera, et cetera"
... takes up more bandwitdh than "Smoking is bad for you"
Josh Narins • 11/04/04 08:57pm
By the way, since is my first thread here, I'd like to Lakoff really
doesn't know much about politics. He gives the Governor of California
credit for winning based on his framing of the issues. This is
completely spurious. California had, at eight-eight percent, record
high turnout. Again, this special, no-other-issue election was the
highest voter turnout in California history. The new voters had their
fingers firmly on the pulse of Hollywood, and nothing else.
And Ken A... the two-party system is a natural result of strategic
voting, under current law. All voting methods (ours is called Lone-Mark
or First-Past-the-Post) have weaknesses; but as all mechanical engines
are inefficient, it does not necessarily follow that all mechanical
engines are equally inefficient. Our voting method, Lone-Mark, is the
least good. It provides the absolute minimum amount of information to
the politicians from the polls.
Josh Narins • 11/05/04 07:27am
i posted a lengthier reply to this on my site, if youre interested. i
think its an extremely important issue
http://www.timboucher.com/journal/2004/11/now-liberals-want-to-trick-
people-too.html
tim boucher • 11/06/04 04:06pm
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